Explain+one+study+related+to+localisation+of+function+in+the+brain.

Localization of Function

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** Broca & Wernicke ** in relation to the localization of function of the brain:
-Provide us with a clear understanding of some of the factors involved in language processing -Allow us to see where in the brain language processing is localized

**Paul Broca:**
-Patient had been able to understand language, but couldn't speak nor express his thoughts in writing. -Patient could only say: "tan" -Brain autopsy showed that people suffering from damage in the left frontal lobe of the brain were able to understand/ comprehend speech but were unable tomake grammatically complex sentences.
 * -1861**, French neurosurgeon examined brain of a recently deceased patient who had had an unusual disorder.

**Carl Wernicke:**
-German neurologist discovered another part of the brain involved with understanding of language. -Patients with lesions in the their posterior part of their left temporal lobe we able to speak, but their speech was incoherent/ made no sense. -Posterior part of the left lobe was identified as being crucial for an individual's ability to comprehend language.

** Wernicke's aphasia: when an individual can produce speech but has problems understanding it.**
=**Phineas Gage (1823-1860)**= He was a American railroad construction foreman who had survived damage to the brain from a large iron rod driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe. - Injury appeared to specifically affect his emotions, personality, and intellect. His case sparked an interest in the frontal lobes to see their functions relating to human behavior. - Because the injuries were specific and only damaged the frontal lobe, scientists suggests that the frontal lobe controls the personality of an individual, since Phineas Gage's personality had undergone a dramatic change. - He was regraded has a responsible, hardworking, caring and polite worker "the most efficient and capable man" - After the excident, he became childish, selfish, impatient and disrespectful "No longer Gage"
 * Who is he?**
 * How this case study contributed a breakthrough for psychology?**
 * Changes in his personalities**